Rahul Manoj: Mitochondrial Role in Oocyte Competence
Rahul Manoj, Senior Embryologist at Best Life Fertility Center, shared a post on LinkedIn:
“Day 19 – Mitochondrial Role in Oocyte Competence
The oocyte’s mitochondria serve as the powerhouses of fertility, directly influencing its ability to mature, fertilize, and support early embryo development.
Energy Supply:
Mitochondria generate ATP, fueling essential processes like meiotic spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, and cytoplasmic maturation.
Distribution Patterns:
A mature oocyte shows an even mitochondrial distribution, reflecting optimal cytoplasmic readiness. Uneven clustering or perinuclear aggregation indicates poor oocyte competence.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Copy Number:
A critical threshold of mtDNA is essential for successful fertilization and blastocyst development. Low mtDNA content is linked to developmental arrest or implantation failure.
ROS Balance:
Moderate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for signaling, but excess ROS trigger oxidative stress, impairing oocyte quality and accelerating aging.
In-Vitro Factors Affecting Mitochondrial Function:
- Culture Media Composition – Imbalanced nutrients or high glucose levels can alter mitochondrial respiration.
- Oxygen Concentration – Atmospheric O₂ (≈20%) induces oxidative stress; reduced O₂ (5%) mimics physiological conditions and preserves mitochondrial health.
- Temperature and pH Fluctuations – Even minor deviations can disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential.
- Light Exposure – Prolonged light during handling generates ROS and damages mitochondrial DNA.
- Extended Culture Duration – Increases metabolic stress, reducing mitochondrial efficiency.
- Cryopreservation Stress – Vitrification and warming can transiently impair mitochondrial membrane integrity.
- Hormonal Stimulation Protocols – Excess gonadotropins may affect oocyte mitochondrial maturation dynamics.”
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